Cara Berpikir Kronologis (Diakronik) dalam Mempelajari Sejarah

1. Pengertian Kronologi dalam Sejarah

          Istilah kronologi diartikan dan dipahami sebagai urutan peristiwa yang disusun berdasarkan waktu terjadinya. Kronologi berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yaitu "chronos" berarti waktu dan "logos" berarti ilmu atau pengetahuan. Secara harfiah, berarti ilmu tentang waktu.
          Dalam sejarah, kronologi merupakan ilmu untuk menentukan waktu terjadinya suatu peristiwa dan tempat peristiwa tersebut secara tepat berdasarkan urutan waktu, untuk menghindari anakronisme (kerancuan waktu sejarah).

2. Cara Berpikir Diakronik dalam Sejarah

           Menurut Galtung, sejarah adalah ilmu diakronis. Diakronis berasal dari kata "diachronic" dan "chronicus". Diachronic artinya melalui dalam bahasa latin dan chronicus artinya waktu. Dengan demikian secara harfiah diakronis artinya memanjang dalam waktu tetapi terbatas dalam ruang.
           Sejarah itu diakronis, maksudnya memanjang dalam waktu. Pendekatan diakronis adalah salah satu yang menganalisis evolusi atau perubahan sesuatu dari waktu ke waktu, sepanjang masa. Contoh:
- Perkembangan Sarekat Islam di Solo,  1911 - 1920
- Perang Diponegoro,  1925 - 1930
- Gerakan Zionisme, 1897 - 1948

3. Cara Berpikir Sinkronik dalam Sejarah

          Menurut asal katanya, sinkronik berasal dari bahasa Yunani "syn" yang berarti dengan dan "chronos" yang berarti waktu, masa. Sinkronik mempunyai arti meluas dalam ruang, tetapi terbatas dalam waktu.
          Dengan demikian, pengertian sejarah secara sinkronik artinya mempelajari peristiwa sejarah dengan berbagai aspeknya pada waktu/kurun waktu yang tertentu/terbatas/meneluti gejala-gejala yang meluas dalam ruang, tetapi dalam kurun waktu yang terbatas.

Ariana Grande - Into You

I'm so into you, I can barely breathe
And all I wanna do is to fall in deep
But close ain't close enough 'til we cross the line, baby
So name a game to play, and I'll role the dice, hey

Oh baby, look what you started
The temperature's rising in here
Is this gonna happen?
Been waiting and waiting for you to make a move
Before I make a move

Chorus
So baby, come light me up and maybe I'll let you on it
A little bit dangerous, but baby, that's how I want it
A little less conversation, and a little more touch my body
Cause I'm so into you, into you, into you
Got everyone watchin' us, so baby, let's keep it secret
A little bit scandalous, but baby, don't let them see it
A little less conversation and a little more touch my body
Cause I'm so into you, into you, into you, oh yeah

This could take some time, hey
I made too many mistakes
Better get this right, right, baby

Oh baby, look what you started
The temperature's rising in here
Is this gonna happen?
Been waiting and waiting for you to make a move
Before I make a move

Chorus
So baby, come light me up and maybe I'll let you on it
A little bit dangerous, but baby, that's how I want it
A little less conversation, and a little more touch my body
Cause I'm so into you, into you, into you
Got everyone watchin' us, so baby, let's keep it secret
A little bit scandalous, but baby, don't let them see it
A little less conversation and a little more touch my body
Cause I'm so into you, into you, into you

Tell me what you came here for
Cause I can't, I can't wait no more
I'm on the edge with no control
And I need, I need you to know
You to know, oh

Chorus
So baby, come light me up and maybe I'll let you on it
A little bit dangerous, but baby, that's how I want it
A little less conversation, and a little more touch my body
Cause I'm so into you, into you, into you
Got everyone watchin' us, so baby, let's keep it secret
A little bit scandalous, but baby, don't let them see it
A little less conversation and a little more touch my body
Cause I'm so into you, into you, into you

So come light me up, so come light me up my baby
A little dangerous, a little dangerous my baby
A little less conversation and a little more touch my body
Cause I'm so into you, into you, into you

Meghan Trainor - Close Your Eyes

Everybody's on the same page

No new chapters

We'll never change

Everybody wants to be cool, yes they do...

And I'm just like them

But I won't be no fool

I guess I could waste all my time and my money, just trying to look right

But it doesn't change who I am in my heart if I look like a dime

So I want you to close your eyes

Sing to the world tonight

And show them what's beautiful

I don't care what they think

No, I'm not listening

'Cause I know I'm beautiful

So close your eyes

(Sh-sh-show them what's beautiful sh-sh-show them what's beautiful)

Come and show them... Uh... Hey...

(Sh-sh-show them what's beautiful

Sh-sh-show them what's beautiful)

Everybody's born to be different

That's the one thing that makes us the same

So don't you let their words try to change you

Don't let them make you, into something you ain't... No!

So I want you to close your eyes

Sing to the world tonight

And show them what's beautiful

I don't care what they think

No, I'm not listening

'Cause I know I'm beautiful

So close your eyes

(Sh-sh-show them what's beautiful)

Show the world the you inside

Raise your voice and close your eyes

'Cause you're beautiful...

Come on and show the world the you inside

Raise your voice and close your eyes

'Cause you're beautiful...

So I want you to close your eyes

Sing to the world tonight

And show them what's beautiful

I don't care what they think

No, I'm not listening

'Cause I know I'm beautiful

So close your eyes

Gnash ft. Olivia O 'Brian - I Hate U I Love U

Feeling used
But I’m
Still missing you
And I can’t
See the end of this
Just wanna feel your kiss
Against my lips
And now all this time
Is passing by
But I still can’t seem to tell you why
It hurts me every time I see you
Realize how much I need you
[Hook: Olivia O'Brien]
I hate you I love you
I hate that I love you
Don’t want to, but I can’t put
Nobody else above you
I hate you I love you
I hate that I want you
You want her, you need her
And I’ll never be her
[Verse 2: Gnash]
I miss you when I can’t sleep
Or right after coffee
Or right when I can’t eat
I miss you in my front seat
Still got sand in my sweaters
From nights we don’t remember
Do you miss me like I miss you?
Fucked around and got attached to you
Friends can break your heart too, and
I’m always tired but never of you
If I pulled a you on you, you wouldn’t like that shit
I put this real out, but you wouldn’t bite that shit
I type a text but then I never mind that shit
I got these feelings but you never mind that shit
Oh oh, keep it on the low
You’re still in love with me but your friends don’t know
If you wanted me you would just say so
And if I were you, I would never let me go
I don’t mean no harm
I just miss you on my arm
Wedding bells were just alarms
Caution tape around my heart
You ever wonder what we coulda been?
You said you wouldn’t and you fucking did
Lie to me, lie with me, get your fucking fix
Now all my drinks and all my feelings are all fucking mixed
Always missing people that I shouldn’t be missing
Sometimes you gotta burn some bridges just to create some distance
I know that I control my thoughts, and I should stop reminiscing
But I learned from my dad that it’s good to have feelings
When love and trust are gone
I guess this is moving on
Everyone I do right does me wrong
So every lonely night, I sing this song
[Hook: Olivia O'Brien and Gnash]
I hate you I love you
I hate that I love you
Don’t want to, but I can’t put
Nobody else above you
I hate you I love you
I hate that I want you
You want her, you need her
And I’ll never be her
[Bridge: Olivia O' Brien and Gnash]
All alone I watch you watch her
Like she’s the only girl you’ve ever seen
You don’t care u never did
You don’t give a damn about me
Yeah all alone I watch you watch her
She’s the only thing you’ve ever seen
How is it you never notice
That you are slowly killing me
[Hook: Olivia O'Brien]
I hate you I love you
I hate that I love you
Don’t want to, but I can’t put
Nobody else above you
I hate you I love you
I hate that I want you
You want her, you need her
And I’ll never be her

Meghan Trainor - Just A Friend To You

Why you gotta hug me

Like that every time you see me?

Why you always making me laugh

Swear you're catching feelings

I loved you from the start

So it breaks my heart

When you say I'm just a friend to you

Cause friends don't do the things we do

Everybody knows you love me too

Tryna be careful with the words I use

I say it cause I'm dying to

I'm so much more than just a friend to you

When there's other people around

You never wanna kiss me

You tell me it's too late to hang out

And you say you miss me

And I loved you from the start

So it breaks my heart

When you say I'm just a friend to you

Cause friends don't do the things we do

Everybody knows you love me too

Tryna be careful with the words I use

I say it cause I'm dying to

I'm so much more than just a friend to you

You...

You say I'm just a friend to you

Friends don't do the things we do

Everybody knows you love me too

I tried to be careful with the words I use

I say it cause I'm dying to

I'm so much more than just a friend to you

A friend to you

A friend to you

A friend to you

Kent Jones - Don't Mind

Keep telling me this

And telling me that

You said once you take me with you, I'll never go back

Now I got a lesson that I want to teach ya

Ima show you that where you from don't matter to me

She said "Hola, Como estas?, she said "Konnichiwa"

She said "Pardon my French", I said "Bonjour Madame"

Then she said "Sak pase" and I said "N'ap boule"

No matter where I go, you know I love 'em all

She said "Hola, Como estas?, she said "Konnichiwa"

She said "Pardon my French", I said "Bonjour Madame"

Then she said "Sak pase" and I said "N'ap boule"

No matter where I go, you know I love 'em all

[Verse 1]

African American for sho

I told her, "Baby come and ride the rodeo"

Every time I come around man, I go for broke

She gives me desktop til I overload

Now baby you gon go where you post to go

Cause I ain't got time for you every day

She said she got a man keep it on the low

I said he don't speak English, fuck he gon say (aye)

[Hook]

Telling me this

And telling me that

You said once you take me with you, I'll never go back

Now I got a lesson that I want to teach ya

Ima show you that where you from don't matter to me

She said "Hola, Como estas?, she said "Konnichiwa"

She said "Pardon my French", I said "Bonjour Madame"

Then she said "Sak pase" and I said "N'ap boule"

No matter where I go, you know I love 'em all

She said "Hola, Como estas?, she said "Konnichiwa"

She said "Pardon my French", I said "Bonjour Madame"

Then she said "Sak pase" and I said "N'ap boule"

No matter where I go, you know I love 'em all

[Verse 2]

She from Africa but she fucks me like she Haitian

Ass black, but the eyes looking Asian

I give her the can in Kansas;

I got it on tape; she on candid camera

OKC I forgot we met in Oklahoma

I use to smoke Regina, she from Arizona

Then I met a girl in Cali I never disowned her;

She got that high grade

Her weed come with diplomas, I want her

But she keep

[Hook]

Telling me this

And telling me that

You said once you take me with you, I'll never go back

Now I got a lesson that I want to teach ya

Ima show you that where you from don't matter to me

She said "Hola, Como estas?, she said "Konnichiwa"

She said "Pardon my French", I said "Bonjour Madame"

Then she said "Sak pase" and I said "N'ap boule"

No matter where I go, you know I love 'em all

She said "Hola, Como estas?, she said "Konnichiwa"

She said "Pardon my French", I said "Bonjour Madame"

Then she said "Sak pase" and I said "N'ap boule"

No matter where I go, you know I love 'em all

Drake - Hotline Bling

You used to call me on my, you used to, you used to
You used to call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
Call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
And I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing
I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing

Ever since I left the city you
Got a reputation for yourself now
Everybody knows and I feel left out
Girl you got me down, you got me stressed out
Cause ever since I left the city, you
Started wearing less and goin' out more
Glasses of champagne out on the dance floor
Hangin' with some girls I've never seen before

You used to call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
Call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing
I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing

Ever since I left the city, you, you, you
You and me we just don't get along
You make me feel like I did you wrong
Going places where you don't belong
Ever since I left the city, you
You got exactly what you asked for
Running out of pages in your passport
Hanging with some girls I've never seen before

You used to call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
Call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
And I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing
I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing

These days, all I do is
Wonder if you bendin' over backwards for someone else
Wonder if your rollin' up a backwoods for someone else
Doing things I taught you, gettin' nasty for someone else
You don't need no one else
You don't need nobody else, no
Why you never alone
Why you always touching road
Used to always stay at home, be a good girl
You was in the zone
You should just be yourself
Right now, you're someone else

You used to call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
Call me on my cell phone
Late night when you need my love
And I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing
I know when that hotline bling
That can only mean one thing

Ever since I left the city

Jai Waetford - Shy

Every time you walk into the room

Got me feeling crazy shock my heart boom boom

Any other boy would stare but me

I look away 'cause you're making me scared

Trying not to breathe 1 2 3

Trying not to freak when you look at me

Gotta make a move but I freeze

You don't have a clue what you do to me

Girl you make me shy shy shy

You make me run and hide hide hide

Feel like I get lost in time

Whenever you're near me

Girl you make me shy shy shy

I'm fighting butterfli-fli-flies

Yeah you make me lose my mind

Whenever you're near me

Girl you make me shy

Rejection is a word that I don't wanna know

But a girl like you could kill a boy real slow

A million words stuck up in my head

Waiting to be said but my tongue is stumbling

Trying not to breathe 1 2 3

Trying not to freak when you look at me

Trying to make a move but I freeze

You don't have a clue what you do to me

Girl you make me shy shy shy

You make me run and hide hide hide

Feel like I get lost in time

Whenever you're near me

Girl you make me shy shy shy

I'm fighting butterfli-fli-flies

Yeah you make me lose my mind

Whenever you're near me

Girl you take me high

I feel like I can fly

But I fall out of the sky

When I look into your eyes

Oh girl you make me shy shy shy

You make me run and hide hide hide

Feel like I get lost in time

Whenever you're near me

Girl you make me shy shy shy

I'm fighting butterfli-fli-flies

Yeah you make me lose my mind

Whenever you're near me

Girl you make me shy

Girl you make me shy

Can't even talk to you

• Girl you make me shy

Shawn Mendes - Imagination

Oh, there she goes again,Every morning it's the sameYou walk on by my houseI wanna call out your name
I wanted to tell you how beautiful you are from where I'm standingYou got me thinking what we could be 'cause
I keep craving, craving, you don't know but it's trueCan't get my mouth to say the words they want to say to youThis is typical love, loveCan't wait anymore, I won't wait I need to tell you how I feel when I see us together foreverIn my dreams, you're with meWe'll be everything I want us to beAnd from there, who knows, maybe this will be the night that we kiss for the first timeOr is that just me and my imagination
We walk, we laugh, we spend our time, walking by the ocean sideMy hands are jellied, intertwinedA feeling I just can't describeAll this time you spent alone, thinking we could not belong to something so damn beautifulSo damn beautiful
I keep craving, craving, you don't know but it's trueCan't get my mouth to say the words they want to say to youThis is typical love, loveCan't wait anymore, I won't wait I need to tell you how I feel when I see us together foreverIn my dreams, you're with meWe'll be everything I want us to beAnd from there, who knows, maybe this will be the night that we kiss for the first timeOr is that just me and my imagination
ImaginationImagination(Woah, woah, woah...)
In my dreams, you're with meWe'll be everything I want us to beAnd from there, who knows, maybe this will be the night that we kiss for the first timOr is that just me and my imagination
I keep craving, craving, you don't know but it's trueCan't get my mouth to say the words they want to say to you

Daya - Sit Still Look Pretty

Could dress up, to get loveBut guess what?I'm never gonna be that girlWho's living in a Barbie world
Could wake up, and make up, and play dumbPretending that I need a boyWho's gonna treat me like a toy
And all other the girls wanna wear expensive things, and diamond ringsBut I don't wanna be the puppet that you're playing on a stringThis queen don't need a king
Oh I don't know what you've been toldBut this gal right here's gonna rule the worldYeah that's where I'm gonna be because I wanna beNo I don't wanna sit still, look pretty
You get off on a 9 to 5Dream of picket fences and trophy wivesBut no I'm never gonna be cause I don't wanna beNo I don't wanna sit still look pretty
Mr. Right could be nice, for one nightBut then he wanna take controlAnd I would rather fly solo
Then Snow WhiteShe did it right in her lifeHad 7 men to do the chores'Cause that's not what a lady's for
The only thing that a boy's gonna give a girl for free's pertivityAnd I might love me some vanilla but I'm not that sugarsweetAnd I don't need HVAC
Oh I don't know what you've been toldBut this gal right here's gonna rule the worldYeah that's where I'm gonna be, because I wanna beNo I don't wanna sit still, look pretty
You get off on a 9 to 5Dream of picket fences and trophy wivesBut no I'm never gonna be, 'cause I don't wanna beNo I don't wanna sit still look pretty
Sure I'm a pretty girl up in a pretty worldBut they say pretty hurtsAnd I don't wanna sit stillI'm a pretty girl up in a pretty worldBut no I won't sit still, look pretty
Oh I don't know what you've been toldBut this gal right here's gonna rule the worldYeah that's where I'm gonna be because I wanna beNo I don't wanna sit still, look pretty
You get off on a 9 to 5Dream of picket fences and trophy wivesBut no I'm never gonna be cause I don't wanna beCause I don't wanna sit still look pretty
Oh I don't know what you've been toldBut this gal right here's gonna rule the worldYeah that's where I'm gonna be because I wanna beNo I don't wanna sit still, look pretty
You get off on a 9 to 5Dream of picket fences and trophy wivesBut no I'm never gonna be cause I don't wanna beNo I don't wanna sit still, look pretty
Sit still, look pretty
Sit still, look pretty
Sit still, look pretty
Sit still, look pretty